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eTurabian
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(Turabian 9th ed.)
Turabian 9th edition
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(deprecated)
Personal Communications
According to Turabian, cite personal communcations (letters, email, text messages, and direct or private messages through social media) only in text, notes or parenthetical.
*
= required field
Basic
Advanced
Instructions
*
Author
add
more authors
Enter the names the way you want them alphabetized. For example:
First Name: Ludwig van
Last Name: Beethoven
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author2
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author3
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author4
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author5
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author6
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author7
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author8
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author9
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author10
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author11
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author12
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author13
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author14
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author15
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author16
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author17
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
Author18
First Name:
Last Name:
Suffix
, example:
Jr.
or
Sr.
with no comma in front
:
*
Personal Communication Type:
- for instance email, text message, letter, etc.
No headline style capitalization
?
Use last modified date
*
Personal Communcation Date:
Last Modified On
:
Month:
-
---
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Day:
Year (4 digits):
Published by
*
Online Info
Permalink, DOI or URL
- a complete web address (including doi:, http:// or https://):
Accessed Date
in a format like this (no abbreviations):
Citation Format
:
Bibliography / Footnotes
Reference List / Parenthetical
Never judge a book by its movie. ~J.W. Eagan
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